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Circle formulas: radius, diameter, circumference and area

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A circle has four common measurements — radius, diameter, circumference and area — and knowing just one of them is enough to derive all the others.

The four formulas

  • Diameter = 2 × radius
  • Circumference = 2π × radius
  • Area = π × radius²
  • Radius from area (the reverse direction) = √(area ÷ π)

Worked example

A circle with radius 5: diameter = 10, circumference = 2π×5 ≈ 31.416, area = π×5² ≈ 78.540.

Going backwards: from area to radius

If you only know the area is about 78.54, you can recover the radius by rearranging the area formula: radius = √(78.54 ÷ π) ≈ 5 — which matches the forward calculation above, confirming the two directions are consistent.

Common mistakes

  • Using diameter where radius is required (or vice versa) in the area or circumference formula — since area scales with radius squared, using the diameter by mistake gives an area 4 times too large.
  • Forgetting that deriving radius from area or circumference involves a square root or division by π, not a simple reversal of multiplication.

Enter any one known value (radius, diameter, circumference or area) to get all four with the Circle Calculator.